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Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

Mothe Gopi Kiran, Kannan Pakshirajan, Gopal Das

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1073-4

摘要：

An-RBC reactor is highly suited to treat metallic wastewater.

Metal removal is due to sulfide precipitation via sulfate reduction by SRB.

Cu(II) removal was the best among the different heavy metals.

Maximum metal removal is achieved at low metal loading condition.

Metal removal matched well with the solubility product values of respective metal sulfide salts.

关键词： Factorial design analysis     sulfate reducing bacteria     multi-metal solution     heavy metal removal     anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor     high metal loading.    

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Enhanced production of laccase by

Wei SUN, Meiying XU, Chunyu XIA, Anhua LI, Guoping SUN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 200-210 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0457-0

摘要： The effect of physical parameters of cultivation (load volume, temperature, pH, agitation, inoculum size, and incubation period) in the production of laccase by wood-rotting basidiomycete were studied using diluted molasses distillery wastewater (MDW) as a major composition. Using fractional factorial design, our study first identified load volume, agitation, and inoculum size as statistically significant factors. Optimal preferences and mutual interactions of the factors were then determined by the response surface method, which is based on the center composite design. A quadratic model was used to fit the experimental data. The optimized operational parameters for laccase production were determined to be the following: culture temperature of 25°C, pH 4, load volume of 40 mL diluted MDW in 150 mL flask, agitation rate of 183 r·min , inoculation of 11.5% v/v, and cultivation time of 6 d. The experimental validation under these conditions (the maximum laccase production of 2198.2 U·mL was within the confidence interval) subsequently verified the accuracy of the constructed model. Moreover, the removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen of MDW reached 62.85% and 48.00% respectively, and the decolorization ratio under the optimal condition was 41.85%. The enhanced production of laccase by is a new recovery strategy for MDW.

关键词： laccase     Coriolus hirsutus     fractional factorial design     response surface method     molasses distillery wastewater    

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Multiscale process systems engineering—analysis and design of chemical and energy systems from moleculardesign up to process optimization

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 137-140 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2135-x

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Use of gestalt in wayfinding design and analysis of wayfinding process

NIU Li, XU Leiqing, TANG Zhong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 386-390 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0040-8

摘要： The authors brought forward the definition of “Gestalt space” and indicated this kind of space can be easily cognized. Three experiments showed that “classification” and “grouping” are the human strategies to solve wayfinding problems. “Similarity” and “Legibility” of the space are advantageous to help people to complete wayfinding tasks. The designer should provide the essential “Legibility” in Gestalt space, by using some techniques such as “break” and “accession” to settle the wayfinding problem.
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State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 130-143 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0822-z

摘要： Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is crucial for extracting patterns of electricity consumption of household appliance that can guide users’ behavior in using electricity while their privacy is respected. This study proposes an online method based on the transient behavior of individual appliances as well as system steady-state characteristics to estimate the operating states of the appliances. It determines the number of states for each appliance using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method and models the transition relationship among different states. The states of the working appliances are identified from aggregated power signals using the Kalman filtering method in the factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM). Thereafter, the identified states are confirmed by the verification of system states, which are the combination of the working states of individual appliances. The verification step involves comparing the total measured power consumption with the total estimated power consumption. The use of transient features can achieve fast state inference and it is suitable for online load disaggregation. The proposed method was tested on a high-resolution data set such as Labeled hIgh-Frequency daTaset for Electricity Disaggregation (LIFTED) and it outperformed other related methods in the literature.

关键词： nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM)     load disaggregation     online load disaggregation     Kalman filtering     factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM)     Labeled hIgh-Frequency daTaset for Electricity Disaggregation (LIFTED)    

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Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

Paramveer SINGH; Kanish KAPOOR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期   页码 1315-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x

摘要： The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

关键词： geopolymer concrete     mix design     fly ash     response surface methodology     compressive strength     stress−strain    

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Principle of maximum entropy for reliability analysis in the design of machine components

Yimin ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期   页码 21-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0512-z

摘要： We studied the reliability of machine components with parameters that follow an arbitrary statistical distribution using the principle of maximum entropy (PME). We used PME to select the statistical distribution that best fits the available information. We also established a probability density function (PDF) and a failure probability model for the parameters of mechanical components using the concept of entropy and the PME. We obtained the first four moments of the state function for reliability analysis and design. Furthermore, we attained an estimate of the PDF with the fewest human bias factors using the PME. This function was used to calculate the reliability of the machine components, including a connecting rod, a vehicle half-shaft, a front axle, a rear axle housing, and a leaf spring, which have parameters that typically follow a non-normal distribution. Simulations were conducted for comparison. This study provides a design methodology for the reliability of mechanical components for practical engineering projects.

关键词： machine components     reliability     arbitrary distribution parameter     principle of maximum entropy    

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A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

Dae Kun KWON,Ahsan KAREEM,Deepak KUMAR,Yukio TAMURA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 121-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0329-3

摘要： This study presents a development of an advanced cyberbased database-enabled design module for low-rise buildings (DEDM-LR) which provides estimation of the wind-induced responses for main wind force resisting frames by making direct use of pressure time histories measured at a large number of pressure taps over a suite of building models. These responses may be considered in lieu of code-specified load effects in which the overall accuracy may be influenced by the inherent simplifications in codes. In addition, this new automated approach is particularly attractive and advantageous as it allows a web-based online analysis/design via intuitive user-friendly interfaces for both the input and output in terms of familiar web-style forms that are nowadays very common in most of web-based services. Presently, the DEDM-LR hosts an aerodynamic database developed by the Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU), Japan for a variety of building configurations like flat, gable, and hip roofs under suburban terrain flow condition with immediate application to other databases. The paper shows the efficacy and validity of the DEDM-LR by walking through its details and examples on selected gable-roofed buildings. The architecture of DEDM-LR platform offers the ability to pool resources by hosting other databases that may become available in the near future.

关键词： wind loads     low-rise building     pressure measurement     aerodynamics     building design     structural response     building codes     information technology (IT)    

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Fatigue and impact analysis and multi-objective optimization design of Mg/Al assembled wheel considering

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0701-7

摘要： The multi-material assembled light alloy wheel presents an effective lightweight solution for new energy vehicles, but its riveting connection remains a problem. To address this problem, this paper proposed the explicit riveting-implicit springback-implicit fatigue/explicit impact sequence coupling simulation analysis method, analyzed the fatigue and impact performance of the punching riveting connected magnesium/aluminum alloy (Mg/Al) assembled wheel, and constructed some major evaluation indicators. The accuracy of the proposed simulation method was verified by conducting physical experiments of single and cross lap joints. The punching riveting process parameters of the assembled wheel joints were defined as design variables, and the fatigue and impact performance of the assembled wheel was defined as the optimization objective. The connection-performance integration multi-objective optimization design of the assembled wheel considering riveting residual stress was designed via Taguchi experiment, grey relational analysis, analytic hierarchy process, principal component analysis, and entropy weighting methods. The optimization results of the three weighting methods were compared, and the optimal combination of design variables was determined. The fatigue and impact performance of the Mg/Al assembled wheel were effectively improved after optimization.

关键词： magnesium/aluminum assembled wheel     riveting residual stress     fatigue analysis     impact analysis     multi-objective optimization    

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Parametric analysis and design equation of ultimate capacity for unstiffened overlapped CHS K-joints

CHEN Yu, ZHAO Xianzhong, CHEN Yiyi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 107-115 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0014-x

摘要： A finite element model simulating an experiment on unstiffened, overlapped circular hollow structure (CHS) K-joints was generated and validated by comparing the ultimate capacities, deformation processes and failure modes of the experimental results. Using this model, the stress distribution, propagation of plasticity and the failure modes of overlapped joints with through-brace-in-compression and welded hidden seams were analyzed. The effect of geometric parameters, with or without hidden welds, and the loading hierarchy reversal of braces on the ultimate capacity of the joints were also studied. The results of finite element parametric analysis indicate that the brace-to-chord thickness ratio has relatively large effects on the failure mechanism and ultimate capacity of overlapped joints. It was also found that the absence of hidden welds has less significance on the ultimate capacity of through-brace-in-compression joints than through-brace-in tension joints. Finally, based on the design equation of gap joints, a formula predicting the ultimate capacity of overlapped CHS K-joints was derived by applying multivariate regression analysis. Results from the proposed design equation are consistent with experimental results.

关键词： regression analysis     consistent     unstiffened     plasticity     overlapped    

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Probability strength design of steam turbine blade and sensitivity analysis with respect to random parameters

DUAN Wei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 107-115 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0018-1

摘要： Many stochastic parameters have an effect on the reliability of a steam turbine blade during practical operation. To improve the reliability of blade design, it is necessary to take these stochastic parameters into account. An equal cross-section blade is investigated and a finite element model is built parametrically. Geometrical parameters, material parameters and load parameters of the blade are considered as input random variables while the maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress are output random variables. Analysis file of the blade is compiled by deterministic finite element method and applied to be loop file to create sample points. A quadratic polynomial with cross terms is chosen to regress these samples by step-forward regression method and employed as a surrogate of numerical solver to drastically reduce the number of solvers call. Then, Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the statistical characteristics and cumulative distribution function of the maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress of the blade. Probability sensitivity analysis, which combines the slope of the gradient and the width of the scatter range of the random input variables, is applied to evaluate how much the output parameters are influenced by the random input parameters. The scatter plots of structural responses with respect to the random input variables are illustrated to analyze how to change the input random variables to improve the reliability of the blade. The results show that combination of the finite element method, the response surface method and Monte Carlo method is an ideal way for the reliability analysis and probability strength design of the blade.

关键词： Probability sensitivity     sensitivity analysis     number     cross-section     statistical    

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Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 438-441 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0111-0

摘要： An eddy current retarder for vehicles generates much heat when it works continuously, which leads to serious decline in braking torque. This paper proposes a novel permanent magnet retarder (PMR) for vehicles, whose cooling system connects with engine cooling-water. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to model the electromagnetic behavior of a permanent magnet retarder under a constant speed. The magnetic field and eddy current field in PMR are numerically solved by a finite element method. By accounting for the nonlinear permeability of the rotor and the weakened effect in the magnetic field that is generated by the eddy current magnetic field, the calculation accuracy of air-gap magnetic field is enhanced. Experiment shows that the temperature of the retarder is less than 150°C, and the braking torque keeps the hard characteristics curve. The calculated air-gap magnetic flux density is fairly good agreement with the measured one.

关键词： auxiliary brake     permanent magnet retarder     water-cooling     finite element method    

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Module-based method for design and analysis of reconfigurable parallel robots

Fengfeng XI, Yuwen LI, Hongbo WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 151-159 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0121-6

摘要：

This paper presents a method for the design and analysis of reconfigurable parallel robots. The inherent modularity in a parallel robot lends itself as a natural candidate for reconfiguration. By taking the branches as building blocks, many modular parallel robots can be constructed, from which a reconfigurable parallel robot can be realized. Among three types of reconfigurations, namely, geometry morphing, topology morphing, and group morphing, the method presented here is for the last two reconfigurations, thereby advancing the current research that is mainly limited to geometry morphing. It is shown that the module-based method not only provides a systematic way of designing a reconfigurable parallel robot, but also offers a unified modeling for robot analysis. Two examples are provided, one showing the topology morphing and the other showing the group morphing.

关键词： reconfigurable parallel robot     topology morphing     group morphing    

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Design, analysis, and neural control of a bionic parallel mechanism

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 468-486 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0640-8

摘要： Although the torso plays an important role in the movement coordination and versatile locomotion of mammals, the structural design and neuromechanical control of a bionic torso have not been fully addressed. In this paper, a parallel mechanism is designed as a bionic torso to improve the agility, coordination, and diversity of robot locomotion. The mechanism consists of 6-degree of freedom actuated parallel joints and can perfectly simulate the bending and stretching of an animal’s torso during walking and running. The overall spatial motion performance of the parallel mechanism is improved by optimizing the structural parameters. Based on this structure, the rhythmic motion of the parallel mechanism is obtained by supporting state analysis. The neural control of the parallel mechanism is realized by constructing a neuromechanical network, which merges the rhythmic signals of the legs and generates the locomotion of the bionic parallel mechanism for different motion patterns. Experimental results show that the complete integrated system can be controlled in real time to achieve proper limb–torso coordination. This coordination enables several different motions with effectiveness and good performance.

关键词： neural control     behavior network     rhythm     motion pattern    

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Mechanical design and analysis of a novel variable stiffness actuator with symmetrical pivot adjustment

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 711-725 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0647-1

摘要： The safety of human–robot interaction is an essential requirement for designing collaborative robotics. Thus, this paper aims to design a novel variable stiffness actuator (VSA) that can provide safer physical human–robot interaction for collaborative robotics. VSA follows the idea of modular design, mainly including a variable stiffness module and a drive module. The variable stiffness module transmits the motion from the drive module in a roundabout manner, making the modularization of VSA possible. As the key component of the variable stiffness module, a stiffness adjustment mechanism with a symmetrical structure is applied to change the positions of a pair of pivots in two levers linearly and simultaneously, which can eliminate the additional bending moment caused by the asymmetric structure. The design of the double-deck grooves in the lever allows the pivot to move freely in the groove, avoiding the geometric constraint between the parts. Consequently, the VSA stiffness can change from zero to infinity as the pivot moves from one end of the groove to the other. To facilitate building a manipulator in the future, an expandable electrical system with a distributed structure is also proposed. Stiffness calibration and control experiments are performed to evaluate the physical performance of the designed VSA. Experiment results show that the VSA stiffness is close to the theoretical design stiffness. Furthermore, the VSA with a proportional–derivative feedback plus feedforward controller exhibits a fast response for stiffness regulation and a good performance for position tracking.

关键词： variable stiffness actuator     variable stiffness module     drive module     symmetrical structure     double-deck grooves     expandable electrical system    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

Mothe Gopi Kiran, Kannan Pakshirajan, Gopal Das

期刊论文

Enhanced production of laccase by

Wei SUN, Meiying XU, Chunyu XIA, Anhua LI, Guoping SUN

期刊论文

Multiscale process systems engineering—analysis and design of chemical and energy systems from moleculardesign up to process optimization

期刊论文

Use of gestalt in wayfinding design and analysis of wayfinding process

NIU Li, XU Leiqing, TANG Zhong

期刊论文

State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

期刊论文

Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

Paramveer SINGH; Kanish KAPOOR

期刊论文

Principle of maximum entropy for reliability analysis in the design of machine components

Yimin ZHANG

期刊论文

A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

Dae Kun KWON,Ahsan KAREEM,Deepak KUMAR,Yukio TAMURA

期刊论文

Fatigue and impact analysis and multi-objective optimization design of Mg/Al assembled wheel considering

期刊论文

Parametric analysis and design equation of ultimate capacity for unstiffened overlapped CHS K-joints

CHEN Yu, ZHAO Xianzhong, CHEN Yiyi

期刊论文

Probability strength design of steam turbine blade and sensitivity analysis with respect to random parameters

DUAN Wei

期刊论文

Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

期刊论文

Module-based method for design and analysis of reconfigurable parallel robots

Fengfeng XI, Yuwen LI, Hongbo WANG

期刊论文

Design, analysis, and neural control of a bionic parallel mechanism

期刊论文

Mechanical design and analysis of a novel variable stiffness actuator with symmetrical pivot adjustment

期刊论文